ISIC Code C - Manufacturing

This section includes the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products, although this cannot be used as the single universal criterion for defining manufacturing (see remark on processing of waste below). The materials, substances, or components transformed are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing activities. Substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of goods is generally considered to be manufacturing.

Units engaged in manufacturing are often described as plants, factories or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, units that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public of products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries and custom tailors, are also included in this section. Manufacturing units may process materials or may contract with other units to process their materials for them. Both types of units are included in manufacturing.

The output of a manufacturing process may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or consumption, or it may be semi-finished in the sense that it is to become an input for further manufacturing. For example, the output of alumina refining is the input used in the primary production of aluminium; primary aluminium is the input to aluminium wire drawing; and aluminium wire is the input for the manufacture of fabricated wire products.

Manufacture of specialized components and parts of, and accessories and attachments to, machinery and equipment is, as a general rule, classified in the same class as the manufacture of the machinery and equipment for which the parts and accessories are intended. Manufacture of unspecialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, e.g. engines, pistons, electric motors, electrical assemblies, valves, gears, roller bearings, is classified in the appropriate class of manufacturing, without regard to the machinery and equipment in which these items may be included. However, making specialized components and accessories by moulding or extruding plastics materials is included in ISIC Code - 2220.

Assembly of the component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing. This includes the assembly of manufactured products from either self-produced or purchased components.

The recovery of waste, i.e. the processing of waste into secondary raw materials is classified in ISIC Code - 3830 (Materials recovery). While this may involve physical or chemical transformations, this is not considered to be a part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is considered to be the treatment or processing of waste and they are therefore classified in ISIC Code - E (Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities). However, the manufacture of new final products (as opposed to secondary raw materials) is classified in manufacturing, even if these processes use waste as an input. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered to be a manufacturing process.

Specialized maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment is, in general, classified in ISIC Code - 33 (Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment). However, the repair of computers and personal and household goods is classified in ISIC Code - 95 (Repair of computers and personal and household goods), while the repair of motor vehicles is classified in ISIC Code - 45 (Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).

The installation of machinery and equipment, when carried out as a specialized activity, is classified in ISIC Code - 3320.

Remark: The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. As a general rule, the activities in the manufacturing section involve the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in ISIC:

• Milk pasteurizing and bottling (see ISIC Code - 1050)
• Fresh fish processing (oyster shucking, fish filleting), not done on a fishing boat (see ISIC Code - 1020)
• Printing and related activities (see ISIC Code - 1811, ISIC Code - 1812)
• Ready-mixed concrete production (see ISIC Code - 2395)
• Leather converting (see ISIC Code - 1511)
• Wood preserving (see ISIC Code - 1610)
• Electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and polishing (see ISIC Code - 2592)
• Rebuilding or remanufacturing of machinery (e.g. automobile engines, see ISIC Code - 2910)
• Tyre retreading (see ISIC Code - 2211)

Conversely, there are activities that, although sometimes involving transformation processes, are classified in other sections of ISIC; in other words, they are not classified as manufacturing. They include:

• Logging, classified in ISIC Code - A (Agriculture, forestry and fishing);
• Beneficiating of agricultural products, classified in ISIC Code - A (Agriculture, forestry and fishing);
• Beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in ISIC Code - B (Mining and quarrying);
• Construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction, classified in ISIC Code - F (Construction);
• Activities of breaking bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging or bottling of products, such as liquors or chemicals; sorting of scrap; mixing of paints to customers' order; and cutting of metals to customers' order, producing a modified version of the same product, are classified to ISIC Code - G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).