Tools commonly used in the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry for day-to-day tasks and operations.

• Canoes
• Paddles
• Life jackets
• Dry bags
• Waterproof containers
• Maps
• Compasses
• First aid kits
• Tents
• Sleeping bags
• Stoves
• Cooking utensils
• Water filters
• Headlamps
• Insect repellent
• Sunscreen
• Binoculars
• Fishing gear
• Repair kits

Common products and services typical of NAICS Code 713990-10, illustrating the main business activities and contributions to the market.

• Canoe rental
• Guided canoe trips
• Canoe trip planning
• Shuttle services for canoe trips
• Canoe camping equipment rental
• Canoe trip outfitting services
• Canoe trip logistics services
• Canoe trip consulting services
• Canoe trip safety instruction

The specific certifications, permits, licenses, and regulatory compliance requirements within the United States for this industry.

• Wilderness First Responder: This certification is required for guides and outfitters who lead trips in remote areas. It covers medical emergencies that may occur in the wilderness, such as fractures, hypothermia, and dehydration. The certification is provided by the Wilderness Medical Associates International.
• Swiftwater Rescue Technician: This certification is required for guides and outfitters who lead trips on rivers with rapids. It covers rescue techniques for swiftwater environments, such as rope systems, throw bags, and swimming techniques. The certification is provided by the Rescue 3 International.
• Leave No Trace Trainer: This certification is required for guides and outfitters who lead trips in natural areas. It covers principles and practices for minimizing human impact on the environment, such as waste disposal, campsite selection, and wildlife encounters. The certification is provided by the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics.
• American Canoe Association Instructor: This certification is required for guides and outfitters who teach canoeing skills to clients. It covers paddling techniques, safety procedures, and rescue techniques. The certification is provided by the American Canoe Association.
• US Coast Guard Captain's License: This certification is required for guides and outfitters who operate motorized boats on navigable waters. It covers navigation rules, safety procedures, and emergency response. The certification is provided by the US Coast Guard.

A concise historical narrative of NAICS Code 713990-10 covering global milestones and recent developments within the United States.

• Canoeing has been a popular recreational activity for centuries, with the first canoe-like boats being used by indigenous peoples in North America. The modern canoe trip outfitters industry began to take shape in the early 20th century, with the establishment of commercial canoe rental and guiding services in Canada and the United States. Notable advancements in the industry include the development of lightweight and durable materials for canoes and paddles, as well as the introduction of safety equipment and training programs. In recent history, the industry has faced challenges such as increased competition from other outdoor recreation activities and concerns over environmental impact. However, the popularity of canoeing as a leisure activity has remained strong, with many outfitters offering guided trips and educational programs to promote responsible and sustainable use of natural resources. In the United States, the canoe trip outfitters industry has experienced steady growth in recent years, driven by increasing demand for outdoor recreation and eco-tourism. The industry has also benefited from advancements in technology and marketing, with many outfitters using social media and online booking platforms to reach new customers. Notable milestones in the industry include the establishment of the National Paddlesports Safety School and the development of the Leave No Trace program, which promotes responsible outdoor ethics. Despite challenges such as changing weather patterns and regulatory issues, the industry is expected to continue growing in the coming years, as more people seek out outdoor experiences and sustainable tourism options.

The anticipated future trajectory of the NAICS 713990-10 industry in the USA, offering insights into potential trends, innovations, and challenges expected to shape its landscape.

• Growth Prediction: Growing

  The future outlook for the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry in the USA is positive. The industry is expected to grow in the coming years due to the increasing popularity of outdoor activities and adventure tourism. The COVID-19 pandemic has also contributed to the growth of the industry as people are looking for safe and socially distanced activities. The industry is expected to benefit from the growing interest in sustainable tourism and eco-friendly activities. However, the industry may face challenges such as changing weather patterns, environmental regulations, and competition from other outdoor activities. Overall, the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry is expected to continue to grow and thrive in the USA.

Recent groundbreaking advancements and milestones in the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry, reflecting notable innovations that have reshaped its landscape.

• Online Booking Systems: Canoe Trip Outfitters are increasingly using online booking systems to make it easier for customers to book trips and rentals. This innovation has made the booking process more efficient and convenient for customers.
• Mobile Apps: Some Canoe Trip Outfitters have developed mobile apps that allow customers to book trips, access maps, and get information about local attractions. This innovation has made it easier for customers to plan and enjoy their trips.
• Eco-Friendly Practices: Many Canoe Trip Outfitters are adopting eco-friendly practices such as using electric boats, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable tourism. This innovation has helped to reduce the environmental impact of the industry and attract environmentally conscious customers.
• Customized Trips: Some Canoe Trip Outfitters are offering customized trips that cater to the specific needs and interests of customers. This innovation has made it possible for customers to have unique and personalized experiences.
• Social Media Marketing: Canoe Trip Outfitters are increasingly using social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook to promote their services and attract customers. This innovation has helped to increase the visibility of the industry and reach a wider audience.

This section provides an extensive list of essential materials, equipment and services that are integral to the daily operations and success of the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry. It highlights the primary inputs that Canoe Trip Outfitters professionals rely on to perform their core tasks effectively, offering a valuable resource for understanding the critical components that drive industry activities.

Equipment

Camping Gear: Includes tents, sleeping bags, and cooking equipment that are essential for overnight canoe trips, providing comfort and convenience in the wilderness.

Canoe Racks and Trailers: Used for transporting canoes to and from launch sites, these racks and trailers are vital for efficient logistics and safe transport.

Canoes: Essential for any canoe trip, these lightweight boats are designed for paddling on rivers and lakes, providing a stable and enjoyable experience for users.

Coolers: Used to keep food and beverages cold during trips, coolers are essential for multi-day excursions where access to fresh supplies is limited.

Dry Bags: Waterproof bags that protect personal belongings and gear from water damage, ensuring that essentials remain dry during the trip.

First Aid Kits: Comprehensive kits containing medical supplies and equipment necessary for treating minor injuries and ensuring safety during outdoor activities.

Fishing Gear: Includes rods, reels, and tackle that can be used during canoe trips for those interested in fishing, adding an additional recreational element to the experience.

Maps and Navigation Tools: Essential for trip planning and navigation, these tools help paddlers understand the waterways and identify hazards or points of interest.

Paddles: Used by participants to propel the canoe through the water, paddles come in various lengths and materials to suit different paddling styles and preferences.

Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs): Safety gear that is crucial for all canoe trips, PFDs help prevent drowning by keeping individuals afloat in case of capsizing.

Safety Whistles: Small, portable devices that can be used to signal for help in emergencies, enhancing safety during canoe trips.

Water Purification Systems: Essential for ensuring safe drinking water during extended trips, these systems help remove contaminants from natural water sources.

Service

Guided Tours: Professional services that offer expert-led canoe trips, providing safety, knowledge, and an enhanced experience for participants.

Shuttle Services: Transportation services that move participants and their equipment to and from the canoe launch and landing sites, facilitating smooth trip logistics.

Trip Planning Services: Consultation services that assist customers in planning their canoe trips, including route selection, safety tips, and equipment recommendations.

Explore a detailed compilation of the unique products and services offered by the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry. This section provides precise examples of how each item is utilized, showcasing the diverse capabilities and contributions of the Canoe Trip Outfitters to its clients and markets. This section provides an extensive list of essential materials, equipment and services that are integral to the daily operations and success of the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry. It highlights the primary inputs that Canoe Trip Outfitters professionals rely on to perform their core tasks effectively, offering a valuable resource for understanding the critical components that drive industry activities.

Service

Camping Equipment Rentals: Camping equipment rentals include tents, sleeping bags, and cooking gear for customers planning overnight canoe trips. This service allows paddlers to enjoy multi-day excursions without the need to purchase expensive gear.

Canoe Maintenance Services: Canoe maintenance services ensure that rental canoes are in optimal condition, including cleaning and repairs. This service guarantees that customers have access to safe and reliable equipment for their outings.

Canoe Rentals: Canoe rentals provide customers with access to high-quality canoes for various durations, allowing individuals and groups to explore waterways at their own pace. These rentals typically include safety equipment and paddles, ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.

Guided Canoe Tours: Guided canoe tours offer participants the opportunity to explore scenic waterways under the supervision of experienced guides. These tours often include educational components about local wildlife and ecosystems, enhancing the overall experience for both novice and seasoned paddlers.

Safety Briefings: Safety briefings are conducted by outfitters to educate customers about water safety, canoe handling, and emergency procedures. These briefings are vital for ensuring that all participants are prepared for their adventure.

Shuttle Services: Shuttle services transport customers and their rented canoes to and from various launch points, facilitating easier access to remote locations. This service is essential for those looking to embark on one-way trips or explore multiple areas without the hassle of returning to their starting point.

Trip Planning Services: Trip planning services assist customers in organizing their canoe outings, including route selection, safety tips, and logistics. This service is particularly beneficial for those unfamiliar with the area, ensuring a well-structured and enjoyable trip.

Wildlife Observation Tours: Wildlife observation tours focus on exploring natural habitats while canoeing, allowing participants to observe local fauna in their natural environment. These tours are popular among nature enthusiasts and photographers.

Equipment

Canoe Accessories: Canoe accessories such as cup holders, fishing rod holders, and storage compartments enhance the canoeing experience. Outfitters provide these items to improve comfort and functionality during trips.

Dry Bags: Dry bags are used to keep personal belongings safe and dry during canoe trips. Outfitters provide these waterproof bags, which are essential for protecting valuables from water exposure while on the water.

Paddles: High-quality paddles are essential for canoeing, and outfitters provide a range of options to suit different paddling styles and preferences. These paddles are designed for durability and efficiency, enhancing the paddling experience for users.

Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs): Personal flotation devices are crucial for safety on the water, and outfitters offer a variety of sizes and styles to accommodate all customers. These devices ensure that paddlers remain safe while enjoying their canoe trips.

A thorough examination of the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry’s external dynamics, focusing on the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that shape its operations and strategic direction.

Political Factors

Economic Factors

Social Factors

Technological Factors

Legal Factors

Economical Factors

An in-depth look at the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry's value chain, highlighting its role, key activities, and efficiency strategies, along with its unique value drivers and competitive strengths.

Value Chain Position

Category: Service Provider
Value Stage: Final
Description: Canoe Trip Outfitters operate as service providers in the recreational industry, focusing on delivering comprehensive canoeing experiences. They facilitate outdoor adventures by offering equipment rental, guided tours, and trip planning services, ensuring customers have enjoyable and safe experiences on the water.

Upstream Industries

Downstream Industries

Primary Activities

Inbound Logistics: Receiving and handling processes involve the acquisition of canoes, paddles, and safety gear from suppliers. Storage practices include maintaining equipment in a secure and organized manner, ensuring that all items are readily available for customer use. Quality control measures focus on inspecting equipment for safety and functionality before each rental, while challenges such as equipment wear and tear are addressed through regular maintenance schedules.

Operations: Core processes include trip planning, equipment rental, and guided tours. Outfitters assess customer needs and preferences to create tailored experiences, ensuring safety through thorough briefings and equipment checks. Quality management practices involve training guides to provide excellent customer service and adhere to safety protocols, while industry-standard procedures include risk assessments for various trip locations.

Outbound Logistics: Distribution methods primarily involve transporting customers to and from trip locations using vans or buses. Quality preservation during delivery is maintained through careful handling of equipment and ensuring that all necessary gear is loaded and secured. Common practices include pre-trip checks to confirm that all equipment is in good condition and ready for use.

Marketing & Sales: Marketing approaches often include online advertising, social media engagement, and partnerships with local tourism boards to attract customers. Customer relationship practices focus on building loyalty through exceptional service and follow-up communications. Sales processes typically involve direct engagement with customers through consultations to understand their preferences and provide personalized recommendations.

Support Activities

Infrastructure: Management systems in the industry include booking and scheduling software that streamlines operations and enhances customer experience. Organizational structures often consist of small teams with specialized roles, such as guides, customer service representatives, and maintenance staff, facilitating effective communication and operational efficiency.

Human Resource Management: Workforce requirements include skilled guides with knowledge of canoeing and safety practices. Training and development approaches focus on equipping staff with first aid certifications and customer service skills, ensuring they can provide safe and enjoyable experiences for clients.

Technology Development: Key technologies include reservation management systems and GPS navigation tools for guiding trips. Innovation practices involve adopting new equipment designs and safety technologies to enhance customer experiences and ensure safety on the water. Industry-standard systems often include regular training updates for staff on new equipment and safety protocols.

Procurement: Sourcing strategies involve establishing long-term relationships with reliable suppliers for canoes and safety gear. Supplier relationship management is crucial for ensuring timely delivery and quality assurance, while purchasing practices often emphasize sustainability and eco-friendliness in equipment selection.

Value Chain Efficiency

Process Efficiency: Operational effectiveness is measured through customer satisfaction ratings and trip success rates. Common efficiency measures include tracking equipment usage and maintenance schedules to optimize resource allocation. Industry benchmarks are established based on customer feedback and operational performance metrics.

Integration Efficiency: Coordination methods involve regular meetings among staff to align on trip logistics and customer needs. Communication systems often include digital platforms for real-time updates on equipment availability and trip schedules, enhancing overall operational efficiency.

Resource Utilization: Resource management practices focus on optimizing equipment usage and minimizing downtime through effective scheduling. Optimization approaches may involve analyzing customer demand patterns to adjust inventory levels and staffing, adhering to industry standards for service quality.

Value Chain Summary

Key Value Drivers: Primary sources of value creation include high-quality equipment, knowledgeable staff, and exceptional customer service. Critical success factors involve maintaining safety standards and fostering strong relationships with customers and suppliers, enhancing the overall experience.

Competitive Position: Sources of competitive advantage include the ability to offer personalized experiences and maintain a strong reputation for safety and service quality. Industry positioning is influenced by location, access to popular waterways, and the ability to adapt to changing customer preferences, impacting market dynamics.

Challenges & Opportunities: Current industry challenges include seasonal fluctuations in demand and competition from alternative recreational activities. Future trends may involve increased interest in eco-tourism and outdoor experiences, presenting opportunities for outfitters to expand their offerings and attract a broader customer base.

A focused SWOT analysis that examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry within the US market. This section provides insights into current conditions, strategic interactions, and future growth potential.

Strengths

Industry Infrastructure and Resources: The industry benefits from a well-developed infrastructure that includes rental facilities, storage spaces for equipment, and access to various waterways. This strong infrastructure supports efficient operations, allowing outfitters to cater to diverse customer needs, from novice paddlers to experienced adventurers.

Technological Capabilities: Technological advancements in equipment design and safety features provide significant advantages. The industry is characterized by a moderate level of innovation, with companies adopting new materials and technologies that enhance the safety and performance of canoes and kayaking gear, ensuring competitiveness in the market.

Market Position: The industry holds a strong position within the outdoor recreation sector, benefiting from a growing interest in eco-tourism and outdoor activities. Brand recognition and customer loyalty contribute to its competitive strength, although there is ongoing pressure from alternative recreational activities.

Financial Health: Financial performance across the industry is generally strong, with many companies reporting stable revenue growth driven by increased participation in outdoor activities. The financial health is supported by consistent demand for canoe trips, although seasonal fluctuations can impact profitability.

Supply Chain Advantages: The industry enjoys robust supply chain networks that facilitate efficient procurement of canoes, paddles, and safety gear. Strong relationships with manufacturers and distributors enhance operational efficiency, allowing for timely delivery of equipment and services to customers.

Workforce Expertise: The labor force in this industry is skilled and knowledgeable, with many workers having specialized training in outdoor safety, navigation, and customer service. This expertise contributes to high service standards and operational efficiency, although there is a need for ongoing training to keep pace with evolving safety regulations.

Weaknesses

Structural Inefficiencies: Some companies face structural inefficiencies due to outdated equipment or inadequate facilities, leading to increased operational costs. These inefficiencies can hinder competitiveness, particularly when compared to more modernized operations that utilize advanced equipment.

Cost Structures: The industry grapples with rising costs associated with equipment maintenance, labor, and compliance with safety regulations. These cost pressures can squeeze profit margins, necessitating careful management of pricing strategies and operational efficiencies.

Technology Gaps: While some companies are technologically advanced, others lag in adopting new safety technologies and equipment innovations. This gap can result in lower productivity and higher operational costs, impacting overall competitiveness in the market.

Resource Limitations: The industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the availability of rental equipment and seasonal demand, particularly during peak summer months. These resource limitations can disrupt service availability and impact customer satisfaction.

Regulatory Compliance Issues: Navigating the complex landscape of safety regulations and environmental laws poses challenges for many companies. Compliance costs can be significant, and failure to meet regulatory standards can lead to penalties and reputational damage.

Market Access Barriers: Entering new markets can be challenging due to established competition and regulatory hurdles. Companies may face difficulties in gaining permits for operating in certain waterways or meeting local regulatory requirements, limiting growth opportunities.

Opportunities

Market Growth Potential: There is significant potential for market growth driven by increasing consumer interest in outdoor activities and eco-tourism. The trend towards sustainable and nature-based recreation presents opportunities for companies to expand their offerings and capture new market segments.

Emerging Technologies: Advancements in equipment design, such as lightweight materials and improved safety features, offer opportunities for enhancing customer experience and safety. These technologies can lead to increased efficiency and reduced operational costs.

Economic Trends: Favorable economic conditions, including rising disposable incomes and a growing focus on health and wellness, support growth in the canoe trip outfitting market. As consumers prioritize outdoor experiences, demand for canoe trips is expected to rise.

Regulatory Changes: Potential regulatory changes aimed at promoting outdoor recreation and environmental conservation could benefit the industry. Companies that adapt to these changes by offering eco-friendly trips may gain a competitive edge.

Consumer Behavior Shifts: Shifts in consumer preferences towards experiential travel and outdoor adventures create opportunities for growth. Companies that align their offerings with these trends can attract a broader customer base and enhance brand loyalty.

Threats

Competitive Pressures: Intense competition from both local outfitters and alternative recreational activities poses a significant threat to market share. Companies must continuously innovate and differentiate their services to maintain a competitive edge in a crowded marketplace.

Economic Uncertainties: Economic fluctuations, including inflation and changes in consumer spending habits, can impact demand for canoe trips. Companies must remain agile to adapt to these uncertainties and mitigate potential impacts on sales.

Regulatory Challenges: The potential for stricter regulations regarding safety and environmental practices can pose challenges for the industry. Companies must invest in compliance measures to avoid penalties and ensure operational safety.

Technological Disruption: Emerging technologies in alternative outdoor activities, such as paddleboarding and electric boating, could disrupt the market for traditional canoe trips. Companies need to monitor these trends closely and innovate to stay relevant.

Environmental Concerns: Increasing scrutiny on environmental sustainability practices poses challenges for the industry. Companies must adopt sustainable practices to meet consumer expectations and regulatory requirements.

SWOT Summary

Strategic Position: The industry currently enjoys a strong market position, bolstered by robust consumer demand for outdoor experiences. However, challenges such as rising costs and competitive pressures necessitate strategic innovation and adaptation to maintain growth. The future trajectory appears promising, with opportunities for expansion into new markets and service offerings, provided that companies can navigate the complexities of regulatory compliance and resource management.

Key Interactions

Growth Potential: The growth prospects for the industry are robust, driven by increasing consumer interest in outdoor activities and eco-tourism. Key growth drivers include the rising popularity of canoeing as a recreational activity, advancements in equipment technology, and favorable economic conditions. Market expansion opportunities exist in both domestic and international markets, particularly as consumers seek unique outdoor experiences. However, challenges such as resource limitations and regulatory compliance must be addressed to fully realize this potential. The timeline for growth realization is projected over the next five to ten years, contingent on successful adaptation to market trends and consumer preferences.

Risk Assessment: The overall risk level for the industry is moderate, with key risk factors including economic uncertainties, competitive pressures, and supply chain vulnerabilities. Industry players must be vigilant in monitoring external threats, such as changes in consumer behavior and regulatory landscapes. Effective risk management strategies, including diversification of service offerings and investment in technology, can mitigate potential impacts. Long-term risk management approaches should focus on sustainability and adaptability to changing market conditions. The timeline for risk evolution is ongoing, necessitating proactive measures to safeguard against emerging threats.

Strategic Recommendations

An exploration of how geographic and site-specific factors impact the operations of the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry in the US, focusing on location, topography, climate, vegetation, zoning, infrastructure, and cultural context.

Location: Canoe Trip Outfitters thrive in regions with abundant waterways, such as rivers and lakes, particularly in states like Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Maine. These areas offer scenic landscapes and easy access to natural resources, making them ideal for outdoor recreational activities. Proximity to national parks and protected areas enhances the appeal for tourists seeking guided canoe trips, while local infrastructure supports shuttle services and equipment rentals, facilitating smooth operations.

Topography: The operations of Canoe Trip Outfitters are significantly influenced by the terrain, as they require access to navigable waterways. Flat, open areas near lakes and rivers are essential for setting up rental facilities and launching sites. Steep or rocky terrains can pose challenges for both paddlers and outfitters, necessitating careful planning for safe access points. Regions with gentle slopes and gradual banks are preferred, as they allow for easier entry and exit from the water, enhancing customer experience.

Climate: Seasonal variations in climate directly impact the operations of Canoe Trip Outfitters. Warm, dry summers are ideal for canoeing, attracting more customers, while cold winters can limit activities to specific regions. Rainfall patterns also affect water levels in rivers and lakes, influencing trip safety and accessibility. Outfitters must adapt their services based on weather forecasts, offering guided trips during peak seasons and potentially adjusting routes or equipment based on changing conditions.

Vegetation: The presence of diverse vegetation along waterways plays a crucial role in the operations of Canoe Trip Outfitters. Lush riparian zones provide scenic backdrops for canoe trips, enhancing the overall experience for customers. However, outfitters must also navigate environmental regulations that protect local ecosystems, ensuring compliance with conservation efforts. Effective vegetation management is necessary to maintain clear access paths and prevent overgrowth that could obstruct waterways, ensuring safe and enjoyable trips for paddlers.

Zoning and Land Use: Canoe Trip Outfitters must adhere to local zoning regulations that govern recreational activities along waterways. These regulations often dictate the types of structures that can be built and the activities permitted in specific areas. Outfitters typically require permits for launching sites, rental facilities, and shuttle services, which can vary significantly by region. Understanding local land use policies is essential for successful operations, as non-compliance can lead to fines or operational restrictions.

Infrastructure: Robust infrastructure is vital for the successful operation of Canoe Trip Outfitters. Access to transportation networks is crucial for transporting equipment and customers to and from waterways. Outfitters require reliable utilities, including water and electricity, to support rental operations and customer amenities. Communication infrastructure is also important for coordinating shuttle services and ensuring customer safety during trips, particularly in remote areas where cell service may be limited.

Cultural and Historical: Canoe Trip Outfitters often benefit from a strong cultural appreciation for outdoor recreation in regions with rich histories of canoeing and paddling. Local communities may have longstanding traditions of water-based activities, fostering acceptance and support for outfitters. However, outfitters must also engage with local stakeholders to address any concerns related to environmental impacts and ensure that their operations align with community values and conservation efforts.

A detailed overview of the Canoe Trip Outfitters industry’s market dynamics, competitive landscape, and operational conditions, highlighting the unique factors influencing its day-to-day activities.

Market Overview

Market Size: Medium

Description: This industry encompasses businesses that provide equipment and services for canoe trips, including rental of canoes, paddles, life jackets, and other necessary gear, as well as shuttle services to and from trip locations. Operators may also offer guided tours and trip planning assistance to enhance the experience for participants.

Market Stage: Growth. The industry is experiencing growth as outdoor recreational activities gain popularity, particularly among families and adventure seekers. Increased interest in eco-tourism and outdoor experiences has led to a rise in demand for canoe trip services.

Geographic Distribution: Regional. Canoe trip outfitters are typically located near rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water that are popular for paddling. This geographic concentration allows them to serve local and visiting customers effectively.

Characteristics

Market Structure

Market Concentration: Fragmented. The industry consists of numerous small to medium-sized operators, with many local businesses competing in specific geographic areas. This fragmentation allows for a diverse range of services and pricing strategies.

Segments

Distribution Channels

Success Factors

Demand Analysis

Demand Drivers

Competitive Landscape

Entry Barriers

Business Models

Operating Environment