NAICS Code 561611-02 - Criminologists

Tools commonly used in the Criminologists industry for day-to-day tasks and operations.

• Statistical software (e.g. SPSS, SAS) for analyzing crime data
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for mapping crime patterns
• Crime scene investigation tools (e.g. fingerprint kits, DNA analysis kits)
• Interview and interrogation techniques
• Research methods and survey design
• Criminal profiling techniques
• Risk assessment tools
• Forensic psychology tools (e.g. personality tests, cognitive assessments)
• Data visualization tools (e.g. Tableau, Power BI)
• Crime prevention strategies and tactics

Common products and services typical of NAICS Code 561611-02, illustrating the main business activities and contributions to the market.

• Criminal justice system
• Law enforcement agencies
• Research institutions
• Universities and colleges
• Government agencies
• Non-profit organizations
• Private security firms
• Consulting firms
• Correctional facilities
• Forensic laboratories

A concise historical narrative of NAICS Code 561611-02 covering global milestones and recent developments within the United States.

• The field of criminology has a long and complex history, dating back to the 18th century when the Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria published his influential treatise "On Crimes and Punishments". This work laid the foundation for modern criminology by arguing that punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed and that the criminal justice system should be based on rational principles rather than arbitrary or capricious ones. In the 19th century, the French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon developed a system of anthropometry, which involved measuring various physical characteristics of criminals in order to identify them more accurately. This system was later replaced by fingerprinting, which was first used in the early 20th century. In recent years, criminology has become increasingly interdisciplinary, drawing on insights from psychology, sociology, and other fields to better understand the causes of crime and develop more effective strategies for preventing it. In the United States, criminology has a similarly rich history, with many notable figures contributing to its development. One of the most influential of these was Edwin Sutherland, who in the 1930s introduced the concept of white-collar crime and argued that it was just as harmful as traditional street crime. Other important figures in the field include Robert Merton, who developed the theory of strain, which posits that crime is the result of a mismatch between societal goals and the means available to achieve them, and Travis Hirschi, who developed the theory of social control, which argues that people are less likely to engage in criminal behavior if they have strong bonds to conventional society. In recent years, criminology has become increasingly focused on issues such as mass incarceration, police brutality, and the disproportionate impact of the criminal justice system on marginalized communities.