Tools commonly used in the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry for day-to-day tasks and operations.

• Welding machines
• Plasma cutters
• Pipe bending machines
• Sheet metal shears
• Hydraulic presses
• Sandblasting equipment
• Painting equipment
• Crane systems
• Lathe machines
• Milling machines
• Grinding machines
• Drilling machines
• Cutting torches
• Hand tools (e.g. hammers, wrenches, screwdrivers)
• Measuring tools (e.g. calipers, micrometers, rulers)
• Safety equipment (e.g. hard hats, safety glasses, gloves)
• Computer-aided design (CAD) software
• Computer numerical control (CNC) machines
• 3D printers

Common products and services typical of NAICS Code 336611-04, illustrating the main business activities and contributions to the market.

• Commercial ship building
• Naval ship building
• Boat building
• Ship repair and maintenance
• Yacht building
• Ferry building
• Tugboat building
• Fishing vessel building
• Research vessel building
• Icebreaker building

The specific certifications, permits, licenses, and regulatory compliance requirements within the United States for this industry.

• Shipyard Competent Person Certification: This certification is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for individuals who are responsible for overseeing safety in shipyards. The certification ensures that the person has the necessary knowledge and skills to identify and control hazards in the shipyard environment. More information can be found on the OSHA website:
• US Coast Guard Shipyard Competency Certification: This certification is required for individuals who work on vessels subject to inspection by the US Coast Guard. The certification ensures that the person has the necessary knowledge and skills to perform their job safely and effectively. More information can be found on the US Coast Guard website:
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit: This permit is required for shipyards that discharge pollutants into US waters. The permit sets limits on the amount of pollutants that can be discharged and requires monitoring and reporting to ensure compliance. More information can be found on the EPA website:
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) Training: This training is required for all employees who work with hazardous chemicals in the shipyard. The training ensures that employees understand the hazards associated with the chemicals they work with and how to protect themselves and others. More information can be found on the OSHA website:
• US Coast Guard Certificate Of Inspection: This certificate is required for vessels subject to inspection by the US Coast Guard. The certificate ensures that the vessel meets all applicable safety and environmental standards. More information can be found on the US Coast Guard website:

A concise historical narrative of NAICS Code 336611-04 covering global milestones and recent developments within the United States.

• The Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry has a long and rich history dating back to ancient times when ships were made of wood and powered by wind. The industry has seen many notable advancements over the years, including the introduction of steam-powered ships in the 19th century, the development of iron and steel hulls, and the use of diesel engines. During World War II, shipyards played a crucial role in building warships for the Allied forces. In recent history, the industry has faced challenges due to increased competition from foreign shipyards and a decline in demand for new ships. However, the industry has adapted by focusing on repair and maintenance services, as well as building specialized vessels such as cruise ships and offshore drilling rigs. In the United States, the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry has a rich history dating back to the colonial era. The first shipyard in the United States was established in 1631 in Massachusetts. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the industry experienced significant growth due to the demand for ships for commerce and military purposes. However, the industry declined in the mid-20th century due to increased competition from foreign shipyards and a decline in demand for new ships. In recent years, the industry has experienced a resurgence due to increased demand for repair and maintenance services, as well as the construction of specialized vessels such as cruise ships and offshore drilling rigs.

The anticipated future trajectory of the NAICS 336611-04 industry in the USA, offering insights into potential trends, innovations, and challenges expected to shape its landscape.

• Growth Prediction: Stable

  The Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry in the USA is expected to experience steady growth in the coming years. The industry is expected to benefit from the increasing demand for commercial ships, as well as the growing need for naval vessels. The industry is also expected to benefit from the increasing demand for offshore wind farms, which require specialized vessels for installation and maintenance. However, the industry is also facing challenges, such as rising competition from foreign shipyards and the increasing cost of labor and materials. To remain competitive, shipyards will need to invest in new technologies and processes to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

Recent groundbreaking advancements and milestones in the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry, reflecting notable innovations that have reshaped its landscape.

• Autonomous Ships: The development of autonomous ships is a major innovation in the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry. These ships are equipped with advanced sensors and software that allow them to navigate and operate without human intervention. This technology has the potential to improve safety, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.
• 3D Printing: 3D printing is another innovation that is transforming the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry. This technology allows shipyards to produce complex parts and components more quickly and at a lower cost than traditional manufacturing methods.
• LNG-Powered Ships: The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel source for ships is another recent innovation in the industry. LNG is a cleaner and more efficient fuel than traditional marine fuels, and its use can help shipyards meet increasingly strict environmental regulations.
• Digital Twin Technology: Digital twin technology is a new innovation that is being used in the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry to improve the design and construction of ships. This technology creates a virtual replica of a ship, which can be used to test and optimize its performance before it is built.
• Electric Propulsion Systems: The development of electric propulsion systems is another recent innovation in the industry. These systems use electric motors instead of traditional diesel engines to power ships, which can reduce emissions and improve efficiency.

This section provides an extensive list of essential materials, equipment and services that are integral to the daily operations and success of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry. It highlights the primary inputs that Ship Yards (Manufacturing) professionals rely on to perform their core tasks effectively, offering a valuable resource for understanding the critical components that drive industry activities.

Material

Aluminum Alloys: Lightweight materials used in the construction of various ship components, offering corrosion resistance and reducing overall vessel weight for improved fuel efficiency.

Electrical Systems: Includes wiring, lighting, and control systems essential for the operation of onboard equipment and ensuring safety during navigation.

Fasteners and Hardware: Includes bolts, screws, and other fastening devices essential for assembling various components of ships securely.

Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics: Composite materials utilized for building lightweight and strong structures in boats, enhancing performance and reducing maintenance needs.

Insulation Materials: Used to enhance energy efficiency and comfort within vessels, protecting against temperature extremes and reducing noise.

Marine Paints and Coatings: Specialized paints designed to protect ships from corrosion and marine growth, ensuring longevity and maintaining aesthetic appeal.

Propulsion Systems: Critical components that include engines and propellers, necessary for the movement and operation of the vessels being constructed or repaired.

Steel Plates: Thick sheets of steel used for constructing the hulls of ships, providing the necessary strength and durability to withstand harsh marine environments.

Equipment

Cranes: Heavy lifting equipment used to move large components and materials around the shipyard, facilitating efficient assembly and repair processes.

Cutting Tools: Various tools such as plasma cutters and saws that are essential for shaping and sizing materials accurately during the construction process.

Dry Docks: Facilities used for the construction and maintenance of ships, allowing for safe access to the hull and underwater components.

Forklifts: Used for transporting heavy materials and components within the shipyard, improving workflow and operational efficiency.

Hydraulic Systems: Used for powering various machinery and equipment within the shipyard, providing necessary force for lifting and moving heavy objects.

Sandblasting Equipment: Used for surface preparation by removing rust and old paint from ship surfaces, ensuring proper adhesion of new coatings.

Welding Machines: Essential tools for joining metal parts together during ship construction and repair, ensuring structural integrity and safety of the vessels.

Service

Engineering Services: Professional services that provide design and structural analysis, ensuring that vessels meet safety standards and performance requirements.

Environmental Compliance Services: Consulting services that help shipyards adhere to environmental regulations, ensuring sustainable practices in shipbuilding and repair.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Services that ensure timely delivery of materials and components to the shipyard, optimizing production schedules and reducing downtime.

Quality Control Inspections: Services that involve systematic examination of materials and processes to ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations.

Safety Training Programs: Programs designed to educate workers on safety protocols and practices, minimizing risks associated with shipbuilding and repair activities.

Explore a detailed compilation of the unique products and services offered by the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry. This section provides precise examples of how each item is utilized, showcasing the diverse capabilities and contributions of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) to its clients and markets. This section provides an extensive list of essential materials, equipment and services that are integral to the daily operations and success of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry. It highlights the primary inputs that Ship Yards (Manufacturing) professionals rely on to perform their core tasks effectively, offering a valuable resource for understanding the critical components that drive industry activities.

Material

Aluminum Superstructures: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, aluminum superstructures are used in the upper parts of ships to enhance performance and reduce weight. This material is commonly utilized in yachts and high-speed vessels, improving fuel efficiency and speed.

Composite Materials: Utilized for their strength-to-weight ratio, composite materials are increasingly used in the construction of modern vessels. These materials are ideal for high-performance boats and recreational crafts, offering enhanced durability and reduced maintenance.

Marine Coatings: These protective coatings are applied to ships to prevent corrosion and enhance durability. Marine coatings are vital for maintaining the aesthetic and functional integrity of vessels exposed to harsh marine environments.

Steel Hulls: Constructed from high-strength steel, hulls are the foundational structure of ships, providing durability and resistance to harsh marine environments. These hulls are essential for the integrity and safety of various vessels, including cargo ships and military vessels.

Equipment

Ballast Systems: Ballast systems are crucial for maintaining the stability and balance of ships. These systems are designed and manufactured to ensure that vessels can safely navigate various sea conditions by adjusting their weight distribution.

Navigation Systems: Advanced navigation systems are essential for the safe operation of vessels. These systems include radar, GPS, and electronic chart displays, providing real-time data to help operators navigate safely and efficiently.

Ship Propulsion Systems: These systems, which include engines and propellers, are critical for the movement of ships. They are designed and manufactured to meet specific performance requirements, ensuring vessels can operate efficiently in various marine conditions.

Service

Custom Fabrication Services: This service involves the custom manufacturing of specific components and structures for ships, tailored to meet unique customer requirements. It allows for the creation of specialized parts that enhance the functionality and performance of vessels.

Ship Design Services: Offering specialized design services, this aspect involves creating detailed plans and specifications for new vessels. These services are crucial for ensuring that ships meet regulatory standards and customer specifications.

Vessel Maintenance Services: Regular maintenance services are provided to ensure the longevity and safety of ships. This includes inspections, repairs, and upgrades, which are essential for keeping vessels in optimal operating condition.

A thorough examination of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry’s external dynamics, focusing on the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that shape its operations and strategic direction.

Political Factors

Economic Factors

Social Factors

Technological Factors

Legal Factors

Economical Factors

An in-depth look at the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry's value chain, highlighting its role, key activities, and efficiency strategies, along with its unique value drivers and competitive strengths.

Value Chain Position

Category: Product Assembler
Value Stage: Final
Description: Ship yards operate as product assemblers in the maritime industry, focusing on the construction and repair of various types of vessels. They engage in assembling components, integrating systems, and ensuring the functionality and safety of the ships produced.

Upstream Industries

Downstream Industries

Primary Activities

Inbound Logistics: Receiving and handling processes involve the careful inspection of raw materials such as steel and components upon arrival. Storage practices include organized warehousing systems for easy access to materials. Quality control measures ensure that all inputs meet industry standards, while challenges like supply chain disruptions are mitigated through strategic sourcing.

Operations: Core processes include the assembly of ship components, welding, painting, and installing systems such as electrical and plumbing. Quality management practices involve rigorous testing and inspections at various stages of production to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Industry-standard procedures include adherence to maritime safety codes and environmental regulations.

Outbound Logistics: Distribution methods include transporting completed vessels to clients via water or land, utilizing specialized transport vessels to ensure safety during transit. Common practices involve scheduling deliveries to align with customer needs and maintaining quality through protective measures during transport.

Marketing & Sales: Marketing approaches often include participation in maritime trade shows, direct outreach to potential clients, and showcasing completed projects. Customer relationship practices focus on building long-term partnerships through consistent communication and service quality. Sales processes typically involve detailed proposals and negotiations to meet specific client requirements.

Support Activities

Infrastructure: Management systems in the industry include project management software that helps track production schedules, resource allocation, and financial performance. Organizational structures often consist of project teams that facilitate collaboration across various departments. Planning systems are crucial for aligning production timelines with customer delivery expectations.

Human Resource Management: Workforce requirements include skilled labor for welding, assembly, and engineering, with practices focusing on continuous training in safety and technical skills. Development approaches may involve apprenticeships and certifications to enhance workforce capabilities in specialized shipbuilding techniques.

Technology Development: Key technologies include computer-aided design (CAD) software for ship design and simulation tools for performance testing. Innovation practices focus on adopting new materials and construction methods that improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Industry-standard systems often involve integrated design and manufacturing processes to streamline production.

Procurement: Sourcing strategies involve establishing long-term relationships with suppliers for critical materials and components. Supplier relationship management is essential for ensuring quality and timely delivery, while purchasing practices often emphasize sustainability and compliance with maritime regulations.

Value Chain Efficiency

Process Efficiency: Operational effectiveness is measured through production timelines and adherence to budget constraints. Common efficiency measures include tracking labor productivity and material usage to optimize costs. Industry benchmarks are established based on average completion times for various vessel types.

Integration Efficiency: Coordination methods involve regular meetings between design, engineering, and production teams to ensure alignment on project goals. Communication systems often include digital platforms for real-time updates on project status and resource availability.

Resource Utilization: Resource management practices focus on optimizing material usage and minimizing waste during production. Optimization approaches may involve lean manufacturing techniques to enhance efficiency, adhering to industry standards for sustainability and waste reduction.

Value Chain Summary

Key Value Drivers: Primary sources of value creation include high-quality materials, skilled labor, and advanced technology. Critical success factors involve maintaining strong supplier relationships and ensuring compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Competitive Position: Sources of competitive advantage include the ability to deliver custom-built vessels that meet specific client needs and maintaining a reputation for quality and reliability. Industry positioning is influenced by technological capabilities and the ability to adapt to changing market demands.

Challenges & Opportunities: Current industry challenges include fluctuating material costs, regulatory compliance, and competition from international shipyards. Future trends may involve increased demand for eco-friendly vessels, presenting opportunities for innovation and market expansion.

A focused SWOT analysis that examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry within the US market. This section provides insights into current conditions, strategic interactions, and future growth potential.

Strengths

Industry Infrastructure and Resources: The industry benefits from a robust infrastructure comprising specialized shipbuilding facilities, dry docks, and advanced manufacturing equipment. This strong infrastructure supports efficient production processes and enhances the ability to meet diverse client demands, with ongoing investments in modernization to improve operational capabilities.

Technological Capabilities: Technological advancements in shipbuilding processes, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and automated welding techniques, provide significant advantages. The industry is characterized by a strong level of innovation, with companies holding patents for unique manufacturing processes that enhance vessel quality and performance.

Market Position: The industry holds a strong position within the maritime sector, with a notable market share in the construction of military and commercial vessels. Brand recognition and established relationships with government and private sector clients contribute to its competitive strength, although there is ongoing pressure from international competitors.

Financial Health: Financial performance across the industry is generally strong, with many companies reporting healthy profit margins and stable revenue growth. The financial health is supported by consistent demand for new vessels and repair services, although fluctuations in raw material prices can impact profitability.

Supply Chain Advantages: The industry enjoys robust supply chain networks that facilitate efficient procurement of raw materials and components. Strong relationships with suppliers and logistics providers enhance operational efficiency, allowing for timely delivery of materials and reducing overall production costs.

Workforce Expertise: The labor force in this industry is highly skilled and knowledgeable, with many workers having specialized training in marine engineering and shipbuilding techniques. This expertise contributes to high-quality standards and operational efficiency, although there is a continuous need for training to keep pace with technological advancements.

Weaknesses

Structural Inefficiencies: Some companies face structural inefficiencies due to outdated production methods or inadequate facility layouts, leading to increased operational costs. These inefficiencies can hinder competitiveness, particularly when compared to more modernized shipyards.

Cost Structures: The industry grapples with rising costs associated with labor, materials, and compliance with environmental regulations. These cost pressures can squeeze profit margins, necessitating careful management of pricing strategies and operational efficiencies.

Technology Gaps: While some companies are technologically advanced, others lag in adopting new manufacturing technologies. This gap can result in lower productivity and higher operational costs, impacting overall competitiveness in the shipbuilding market.

Resource Limitations: The industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the availability of raw materials, particularly steel and specialized components. These resource limitations can disrupt production schedules and impact the timely delivery of vessels.

Regulatory Compliance Issues: Navigating the complex landscape of maritime regulations poses challenges for many companies. Compliance costs can be significant, and failure to meet regulatory standards can lead to penalties and reputational damage.

Market Access Barriers: Entering new markets can be challenging due to established competition and regulatory hurdles. Companies may face difficulties in gaining contracts or meeting local regulatory requirements, limiting growth opportunities.

Opportunities

Market Growth Potential: There is significant potential for market growth driven by increasing global demand for new vessels and retrofitting existing fleets. The trend towards environmentally friendly ships presents opportunities for companies to innovate and capture new market segments.

Emerging Technologies: Advancements in shipbuilding technologies, such as 3D printing and digital twin modeling, offer opportunities for enhancing production efficiency and reducing waste. These technologies can lead to increased competitiveness and improved vessel performance.

Economic Trends: Favorable economic conditions, including rising international trade and investment in infrastructure, support growth in the shipbuilding sector. As global shipping demand increases, the need for new vessels is expected to rise.

Regulatory Changes: Potential regulatory changes aimed at promoting sustainable shipping practices could benefit the industry. Companies that adapt to these changes by investing in green technologies may gain a competitive edge.

Consumer Behavior Shifts: Shifts in consumer preferences towards sustainable and efficient shipping solutions create opportunities for growth. Companies that align their offerings with these trends can attract a broader customer base and enhance brand loyalty.

Threats

Competitive Pressures: Intense competition from both domestic and international shipbuilders poses a significant threat to market share. Companies must continuously innovate and differentiate their offerings to maintain a competitive edge in a crowded marketplace.

Economic Uncertainties: Economic fluctuations, including changes in trade policies and global economic conditions, can impact demand for new vessels. Companies must remain agile to adapt to these uncertainties and mitigate potential impacts on sales.

Regulatory Challenges: The potential for stricter regulations regarding emissions and safety standards can pose challenges for the industry. Companies must invest in compliance measures to avoid penalties and ensure operational safety.

Technological Disruption: Emerging technologies in alternative shipping methods and materials could disrupt the traditional shipbuilding market. Companies need to monitor these trends closely and innovate to stay relevant.

Environmental Concerns: Increasing scrutiny on environmental sustainability practices poses challenges for the industry. Companies must adopt sustainable practices to meet consumer expectations and regulatory requirements.

SWOT Summary

Strategic Position: The industry currently enjoys a strong market position, bolstered by robust demand for shipbuilding and repair services. However, challenges such as rising costs and competitive pressures necessitate strategic innovation and adaptation to maintain growth. The future trajectory appears promising, with opportunities for expansion into new markets and product lines, provided that companies can navigate the complexities of regulatory compliance and supply chain management.

Key Interactions

Growth Potential: The growth prospects for the industry are robust, driven by increasing global demand for new vessels and retrofitting existing fleets. Key growth drivers include advancements in shipbuilding technologies, favorable economic conditions, and regulatory shifts towards sustainability. Market expansion opportunities exist in both domestic and international markets, particularly as countries invest in upgrading their maritime capabilities. However, challenges such as resource limitations and regulatory compliance must be addressed to fully realize this potential. The timeline for growth realization is projected over the next five to ten years, contingent on successful adaptation to market trends and consumer preferences.

Risk Assessment: The overall risk level for the industry is moderate, with key risk factors including economic uncertainties, competitive pressures, and supply chain vulnerabilities. Industry players must be vigilant in monitoring external threats, such as changes in trade policies and regulatory landscapes. Effective risk management strategies, including diversification of suppliers and investment in technology, can mitigate potential impacts. Long-term risk management approaches should focus on sustainability and adaptability to changing market conditions. The timeline for risk evolution is ongoing, necessitating proactive measures to safeguard against emerging threats.

Strategic Recommendations

An exploration of how geographic and site-specific factors impact the operations of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry in the US, focusing on location, topography, climate, vegetation, zoning, infrastructure, and cultural context.

Location: Ship yards thrive in coastal regions with access to deep water ports, such as those found in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast. These locations facilitate the movement of large vessels and provide proximity to shipping routes, which is crucial for both manufacturing and repair operations. Regions like San Diego, Norfolk, and New Orleans are particularly advantageous due to their established maritime infrastructure and skilled labor pools, enabling efficient operations and reduced transportation costs for materials and finished products.

Topography: The flat coastal terrain is essential for ship yard operations, allowing for the construction of large dry docks and assembly areas necessary for building and repairing vessels. Areas with gentle slopes are preferred to facilitate drainage and prevent flooding, which can disrupt operations. The presence of natural harbors also enhances accessibility for large ships, while regions with rocky or uneven terrain may pose challenges for facility construction and operational efficiency, necessitating additional investment in site preparation.

Climate: Moderate climates with minimal extreme weather conditions are ideal for ship yards, as they allow for year-round operations without significant weather-related interruptions. Coastal areas with temperate climates, such as those in the Southeast, support outdoor manufacturing processes, while regions prone to severe storms or harsh winters may require additional protective measures for vessels under construction or repair. Seasonal variations can affect scheduling and workflow, necessitating adaptive planning to mitigate downtime during adverse weather events.

Vegetation: Ship yards must consider local vegetation management to comply with environmental regulations and minimize fire hazards. Coastal areas often have specific guidelines regarding the preservation of native plant species and the management of buffer zones to protect marine ecosystems. Additionally, vegetation can impact site drainage and soil stability, which are critical for heavy construction activities. Effective management practices are necessary to ensure that vegetation does not interfere with operations while maintaining compliance with environmental standards.

Zoning and Land Use: Zoning regulations for ship yards typically require heavy industrial designations that allow for large-scale manufacturing and repair activities. Local land use policies may impose restrictions on noise, emissions, and operational hours, which can affect productivity. Specific permits are often needed for construction activities, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas. Variations in zoning laws across regions can create challenges for expansion or new facility development, requiring careful navigation of local regulations to ensure compliance and operational viability.

Infrastructure: Robust infrastructure is vital for ship yards, including access to deep-water docks, rail connections, and major highways for transporting materials and finished vessels. Facilities require substantial electrical and water supply systems to support manufacturing processes, along with specialized waste management systems to handle byproducts. Communication infrastructure is also critical for coordinating operations and ensuring safety protocols are followed. The integration of advanced technologies, such as automated systems for inventory and logistics, increasingly shapes infrastructure needs in modern ship yards.

Cultural and Historical: Ship yards often have deep historical roots in their communities, contributing significantly to local economies and maritime traditions. Community acceptance is generally high due to the economic benefits provided by job creation and local supply chains. However, there may be concerns regarding environmental impacts and noise, prompting ship yards to engage in community outreach and environmental stewardship initiatives. The historical significance of ship building in certain regions can also foster a sense of pride and identity, influencing public perception and support for ongoing operations.

A detailed overview of the Ship Yards (Manufacturing) industry’s market dynamics, competitive landscape, and operational conditions, highlighting the unique factors influencing its day-to-day activities.

Market Overview

Market Size: Large

Description: This industry encompasses the construction and repair of various types of vessels, including cargo ships, tankers, and military vessels, utilizing advanced manufacturing techniques and skilled labor to ensure high-quality production standards.

Market Stage: Mature. The industry is characterized by established shipbuilding practices, a skilled workforce, and significant investment in technology and infrastructure, with steady demand driven by global trade and military needs.

Geographic Distribution: Regional. Shipyards are strategically located near major waterways and ports, facilitating easy access to shipping routes and supply chains, with significant concentrations along the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.

Characteristics

Market Structure

Market Concentration: Moderately Concentrated. The industry features a mix of large shipyards with extensive capabilities and smaller specialized facilities, with a few major players dominating the market while regional yards serve niche segments.

Segments

Distribution Channels

Success Factors

Demand Analysis

Demand Drivers

Competitive Landscape

Entry Barriers

Business Models

Operating Environment